Hegemony (leadership) (Greek: ἡγεμονία hēgemonía, English: [UK] /hɨˈɡɛməni/, [US]: pronounced /hɨˈdʒɛməni/) [1] first denoted the dominance (“leadership”) of a Greek city-state over other city-states, then denoted the dominance of one nation over others. The political scientist Antonio Gramsci developed the former conceptions to identify the dominance of one social class over the other social classes in a society by means of cultural hegemony. [2] Moreover, a hegemony is the type of empire, wherein, the imperial state controls the subordinate state with power (the perception that it can enforce its political goals), rather than with force (direct physical action to compel its political goals)